Literature
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- Sakai, T. 1939. Studies on the crabs of Japan. IV. Brachygnatha, Brachyrhyncha, pp. 365-741, figs 1-129, pls 42-111, table 1. Yokendo Co., Tokyo.
- Sakai, T. 1956. Crabs (edition 1), i-xii, 1-224 (Japanese text), appendix 1-60 (list of Latin names), figs 1-71, pls 1-6 (2 coloured). Shisei-Shoin, Tokyo. (In Japanese).
- Sakai, T. 1976a. Crabs of Japan and the Adjacent Seas. (In 3 volumes: (1) English text: i-xxix, 1-773, figs 1-379, (2) Plates volume: 1-16, pls 1-251, (3) Japanese text: 1-461, figs 1-2, 3 maps.) Kodansha Ltd, Tokyo.
- Schmitt, W.L., J.C. McCain & E.S. Davidson 1973. Decapoda I: Brachyura I: Fam. Pinnotheridae. In: H.-E. Gruner & L.B. Holthuis (eds.), Crustaceorum Catalogus, 3: 1-160.
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- Takeda, M. & Prince Masahito 2000. Systematic notes on the pinnotherid crabs of the genus Pinnaxodes (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A, 26(3): 99-112, figs 1-5.
- Takeda, M. & T. Miyauchi 1992. Anomuran and brachyuran crustaceans from the Soya Strait, northern Hokkaido. Memoirs of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, 25: 143-153, illustr. (In Japanese with English summary).